GRADE 12: CHEMICAL CHANGE
Section	Sub-section
RATE AND EXTENT OF REACTIONS
Reaction rates	Reactants and products Definition of the reaction rate Initial rates The collision theory Factors affecting reaction rates Measurement of reaction rates
Chemical equilibrium	Reversible reactions Dynamic equilibrium The equilibrium constant
Le Chatelier's principle	Chemical systems Le Chatelier's principle Applications in industry
Catalysis	The energy of activation What are catalysts? Types of catalysis Mechanisms of catalysis
APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM PRICIPLES
Common ion effect	Equilibrium in solution The solubility product The common ion effect
Strength of acids and bases	Ionization of acids The ionization constant Ionization of bases
The pH scale	The ionization of water The pH scale Acid-base indicators
The hydrolysis of ions	The pH of salt solutions The reaction of ions with water
ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTIONS
Electrolysis	Introduction Electrolysis of water Extraction of aluminium Electrorefining of copper Electroplating Faraday's laws of electrolysis Confusion with electrodes
The Daniel (Cu-Zn) cell	Direct electron transfer The Cu-Zn cell Confusion with electrodes
Standard electrode potentials	The cell potential The standard hydrogen electrode
How to balance redox reactions	The ion-electron method